The territory of the west of the Orenburg region is the southeastern part of the Volga-Kama artesian basin and borders on the Caspian artesian basin. Due to the intensification of oil and gas production, the hydrosphere of the Southern Urals is undergoing major changes. Within the western Orenburg region, the territory of the Kurmanaevskoye and Tananykskoye oil fields is allocated, located in one of the oldest oil production areas (Mukhanovo-Erokhovsky oil and gas region) with a developed oil field and social infrastructure. Its rapid development is especially relevant for maintaining the optimal structure of the mineral resource base of the Orenburg region. The purpose of the study is to assess the hydrosphere condition in the hydrocarbon production area of the Western Orenburg region. As a result, it was concluded that there are periodic excesses of such indicators as: iron, manganese, ammonia, copper, oil products in the influence zone of the Kurmanaevskoye and Tananykskoye oil fields. The hydrochemical situation at these oil fields is generally satisfactory. Regular monitoring, well repair and implementation of new technologies, in particular, the use of complex barriers, are recommended.