The chapter considers the role of metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles in increasing crop resistance to extreme temperatures. It draws attention to the primary issues driven by climate change, such as frost and high temperatures, which have a negative impact on agricultural yields and product quality. The limitations of conventional strategies for resolving this issue, including the use of pesticides and breeding variants, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to nanotechnology as a promising direction for enhancing plant defense mechanisms. Examples of using nanoparticles to stimulate photosynthesis and reduce temperature stress are given. The choosing of environmentally friendly approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles is emphasized to minimize the negative impact on the environment. The key mechanisms of the effect of nanoparticles on plant cells, and their effect on metabolism and antioxidant systems are described. The issues of long-term environmental consequences of the use of nanoparticles and the need for further research in the field of monitoring and control of their behavior in agroecosystems are raised. Promising research directions are formulated that aimed at developing sustainable agricultural technologies using engineered nanoparticles for plant adaptation to changing climate conditions.