Plants are continually exposed to environmental fluctuations and a variety of stresses, which may occur individually or in combination throughout their life cycle. Although they possess natural mechanisms to adapt to adverse conditions, these responses can vary widely even within the same species. Enhancing stress tolerance in plants has therefore become a priority in efforts to achieve sustainable agriculture and secure stable crop yields. In recent years, nanobiotechnology has emerged as a promising tool in this field, attracting significant attention from researchers. Among the innovative approaches, the combined application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and nanoparticles (NPs) has shown great potential in strengthening plant resilience to abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and heavy metal toxicity. AMF establish symbiotic relationships with plant roots, enhancing nutrient and water uptake while improving tolerance to environmental challenges. Nanoparticles, with their unique physicochemical properties, complement the role of AMF by improving nutrient delivery and influencing soil–plant interactions in a beneficial manner. The synergy between AMF and NPs fosters plant growth and productivity under adverse conditions, reducing dependence on chemical inputs and supporting sustainable agriculture. This chapter explores the mechanisms behind AMF-NP interactions, with a focus on how nanoparticles enhance AMF colonization and functionality, while AMF facilitate the uptake and distribution of nanoparticles within plant systems. Additionally, various types of nanoparticles, including metal oxides and carbon-based materials, are examined for their contributions to improving plant stress tolerance. Together, these advancements highlight the potential of AMF-NP applications as a cutting-edge strategy for enhancing agricultural resilience.