This chapter examines the vulnerability of fishermen in coastal areas, focusing on the impacts of climate change on their health, natural resources, and socio-economic conditions, including fishing and farming. The study, conducted in the villages of Azheekal and Thangassery, utilized regression analysis to identify key factors influencing the community’s vulnerability and resilience. A survey of 120 participants, most of whom were illiterate and engaged in fishing or small-scale occupations, revealed significant challenges in coping with climate change, with some attributing these issues to human activity. The findings emphasize the need for improved financial support, healthcare access, and sustainable environmental practices to enhance the socio-economic well-being and resilience of these communities.