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With the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, having an efficient and reliable messaging protocol becomes a paramount factor in the design and implementation of any IoT application. This paper provides an overview of the main messaging protocols; particularly, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), Data Distribution Service (DDS), and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), with a comparative analysis on the protocols’ interoperability, quality of service (QoS)/ reliability, energy consumption and transmission efficiency.

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Interoperability, Reliability, and Efficiency in IoT Protocols: A Comparative Review

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年

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  • Ala’ Khalifeh,
  • Haya Alshahrour

摘要

With the widespread adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology, having an efficient and reliable messaging protocol becomes a paramount factor in the design and implementation of any IoT application. This paper provides an overview of the main messaging protocols; particularly, the Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT), Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP), Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP), Data Distribution Service (DDS), and Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (XMPP), with a comparative analysis on the protocols’ interoperability, quality of service (QoS)/ reliability, energy consumption and transmission efficiency.