Source, Impact, and Remediation Strategies to Eliminating Endocrine Disrupters and the Potential of Nanobiotechnology for a Sustainable Solution
摘要
The well-being of the environment is significantly impacted by endocrine disruptors, which are linked to various diseases including cancer, cardiovascular problems, behavioural disorders, autoimmune disorders, and reproductive issues. These disruptors stem from diverse sources such as pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, agricultural runoff, and stormwater infiltration, which arises concern regarding the whole ecosystem, so the combined effects of these disruptors are gaining attention. However, conventional treatment methods often fall short in completely removing them from water bodies, despite some evidence of their biodegradationBiodegradation in treated drinking water. Addressing this challenge requires modifications to existing remediation techniques, which currently face obstacles like high energy consumption and health risks. Therefore, employing advanced methods like carbon-based adsorption, membrane technology, nanostructured photocatalysts, and microbial and enzymatic technologies are essential. Concerns regarding the environmental and health impacts of these contaminants persist due to the absence of stringent regulations on their concentration limits in various water sources. This chapter highlights the fragmented nature of available data on the sources, effects, remediation technologies, and mechanisms of endocrine disruptor removal. It underscores the necessity for further research to better understand and mitigate the risks associated with their presence in the environment. Additionally, comprehensive data is provided on the biodegradationBiodegradation of these disruptors by various microbes and their extracellular enzymes.