This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of degenerative spinal disorders, which are primary contributors to illness and disability in the elderly population. These spinal pathologies, encompassing Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), Spinal Osteoarthritis (Spondylosis), Spinal Stenosis, Spondylolisthesis, and Cervical Myelopathy, predominantly emerge as a consequence of cumulative, age-related degenerative processes, although genetic predispositions, environmental influences, and lifestyle habits also contribute substantially to their development. The underlying mechanisms of these disorders entail the gradual deterioration of spinal components, including intervertebral discs, vertebrae, and joints, resulting in pain, neurological deficiencies, and functional incapacities. Predisposing factors comprise senescence, genetic susceptibility, excessive body mass, tobacco use, and biomechanical strain, all of which accelerate the degenerative cascade (Kos et al., Medical Archives 73:421, 2019). The manifestation of clinical symptoms differs according to the particular disorder and its anatomical location, but generally encompasses dorsal or cervical pain, radiculopathy, and, in extreme instances, myelopathy. The identification of disease relies on the integration of thorough clinical assessment and advanced imaging modalities. MRI and CT scans play a pivotal role in determining the scope of anatomical damage and the progression of disease pathology. Therapeutic strategies encompass a spectrum of options, from non-invasive techniques, including physiotherapy and anti-inflammatory pharmacological interventions, to surgical procedures aimed at alleviating neural compression and enhancing spinal stability. Novel approaches in the management of degenerative spinal disorders are shifting towards regenerative medicine, encompassing the application of growth factors, stem cell-based interventions, and the integration of artificial intelligence for prompt diagnosis and tailored therapeutic strategies. These advancements exhibit potential for enhancing patient results and diminishing the necessity for intrusive interventions.