This chapter delves into the complexities of low back pain, examining its historical context and the widespread impact it has on individuals and society. It explores the anatomy of the spine, emphasizing the critical functions of intervertebral discs, facet joints, and the supportive role of ligaments and muscles. Through a detailed analysis of degenerative spine disorders, the chapter highlights the pathophysiology behind common spine conditions. It also discusses the clinical presentation and symptoms of spine disorders, providing an in-depth review of diagnostic and management strategies. Finally, the chapter addresses the prognosis of these disorders and emphasizes preventive measures aimed at improving outcomes for patients.