Fused deposition modelling (FDM) has emerged as a transformative 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical industry, offering unprecedented opportunities for personalized drug delivery systems, precise dosage control, and innovative therapeutic designs. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the materials utilized in FDM for drug manufacturing, emphasizing the critical role of material properties in determining the success of pharmaceutical applications. Key considerations include biocompatibility, process ability, stability under thermal conditions, and their influence on drug release profiles. The chapter categorizes materials into polymers, drug-loaded filaments, composites, and emerging smart materials, highlighting their unique attributes and applications. Moreover, the challenges in developing suitable materials, such as thermal degradation of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) and achieving uniform drug distribution, are explored. Advanced strategies for material optimization, including polymer modifications, additive blending, and innovative filament extrusion techniques, are discussed to address these hurdles. Case studies illustrate real-world applications, such as personalized tablets, multi-drug systems, and implants, demonstrating the potential of FDM to revolutionize drug manufacturing. Finally, the chapter identifies future trends in materials development, including bioinks, biodegradable polymers, and sustainable practices, positioning FDM as a cornerstone technology in modern pharmaceuticals.