The fashion textile industry is a primary industry that has existed since the beginning of the human invasion of the planet Earth, and is causing significant environmental, social and economic impacts for this only liveable planet in the universe. Standing just five years away from the official deadline of achieving the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this chapter re-examines the interconnections between the SDGs and the fashion textile industry. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development is an outstanding aspiration from the UN that calls on every human being to play their role in achieving 17 goals with 169 targets. This chapter will provide readers with a general understanding of how the fashion textile industry is related to these targets and what it can do to further achieve them.