While numerous RC piles under building structures were damaged in the past earthquake disasters, there are still unknown parts about the influence of the pile foundation and the ground on the seismic response of the superstructure. The article aims to verify the accuracy of the evaluation values such as the estimated ultimate lateral resistance Qu and the depth of the underground plastic hinge Dy. This study conducted a centrifugal field shaking table test to investigate the damage behavior of RC piles. The centrifuge test demonstrated the damage behavior of pile members and the maximum inertial force and the depth of the bending crack. After this experiment, the Broms’s evaluation values were compared with shaking table test result. The interaction system exhibited a maximum inertial force close to the estimated ultimate lateral resistance. It shows that Broms’s equation for the ultimate lateral resistance can evaluate it with high accuracy. On the other hand, Broms’s equation for depth of the underground plastic hinge overestimated it by about 10% relative to that of the bending crack observed in this experiment. Actual distribution of lateral subgrade reactions may not be a simple triangle shape because of the lateral deformation of piles. Therefore, further experiments focusing on soil pressure are needed.