This study employs robust geospatial tools to monitor air pollution, focusing on changes in atmospheric composition and air quality. Leveraging the computational capabilities of Google Earth Engine (GEE), a comprehensive assessment of air quality dynamics over Ajmer, India, is conducted using Sentinel-5P satellite data. Key pollutants, including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂), Ozone (O₃), Formaldehyde (HCHO), and Sulphur Dioxide (SO₂), were targeted to examine their monthly fluctuations in the Ajmer region during 2021–2023. High-resolution atmospheric data, acquired from the Sentinel-5P satellite via the European Space Agency (ESA), were processed using GEE to generate monthly mean concentrations for each pollutant. Temporal analysis revealed significant seasonal variations CO ranged from 30.1 µmol/m2 in June 2023 to 39.3 µmol/m2 in November 2023, peaking in colder months; O₃ peaked at 131.6 µmol/m2 in April 2023 and dropped to 111.3 µmol/m2 in December 2022; HCHO varied between 0.88 µmol/m2 in January 2022 and 1.73 µmol/m2 in June 2021; NO₂ ranged from 667.6 µmol/m2 in January 2022 to 971.6 µmol/m2 in April 2023; SO₂ fluctuated from 9.18 × 103 µmol/m2 in July 2021 to 58.04 × 103 µmol/m2 in December 2023. Spatial mapping highlighted pollutant distribution patterns influenced by urbanization, vehicular emissions, and industrial activities. The findings underscore the role of geospatial technologies in environmental monitoring, aligning with UN Sustainable Development Goals 3, 11, and 13 to support air quality management and sustainable urban development.