Contact lenses, optical aids positioned in front of the eyes, are termed ophthalmic or contact lenses. They are used to rectify the refractive error of the corneal surface. In a different line of investigation, the significance of prescription eyeglasses cannot be overstated. They can play a pivotal role in substantiating one’s identity, and the characteristics of the glasses can serve as a premortem record for identification and comparison. They can capture the unique features of the eyeglass evidence due to the high complexity of refractive error and prescriptions. The peculiar features of eyeglass evidence entail the development of methods for its analysis. This field is relatively new in the domain of forensic investigation, highlighting the importance of ongoing research and development in prescription eyewear glasses. This review article also throws light on the importance of ocular lenses in drug abuse investigations, their correlation with the assessment of age and sex, and their efficacy as sensors for non-invasive illness monitoring. Furthermore, it explores the science of “Optography,” unveiling the diverse applications of ophthalmic research beyond traditional vision correction.