Climate change is a matter of human rights. To achieve a carbon-neutral society, understanding the challenges faced by the vulnerable groups is necessary. This chapter adopts a case study approach, using interviews, observation, and documentary analysis to examine the impact of climate change on economically disadvantaged and socially vulnerable populations in the Global South. The case of a Cambodian village is examined to define the concept of vulnerability within this context and gain a deeper understanding of the impact of climate change on vulnerable groups. Understanding the reality of people’s lives makes it possible to develop a sustainable society that enables social inclusion.