Yamuna Biodiversity Park: Restoring Natural History of Yamuna Floodplain in Delhi Stretch
摘要
Rivers are critical determinants for the future sustenance of human civilisations. However, the majority of rivers are facing a series of problems altering their ecological processes. There is a need to find out a new strategy for the restoration of degraded landscapes and riverscapes, especially in urban centres, and now Delhi Biodiversity Parks have emerged as a third major conservation strategy after in situ and ex situ, where the initiative was taken at the ex situ level but finally achieved in situ. Yamuna Biodiversity Park spreads over an area of 185 ha in the upstream of the Delhi stretch of the River Yamuna, situated in Jagatpur Village, near Wazirabad. This is a successful model to restore characteristic floodplain wetlands, grasslands and floodplain forests, adopting some of the principles of ecological restoration through assemblage of species in the form of biological communities belonging to the Yamuna River basin. Once a barren, degraded riverscape, the Yamuna Biodiversity Park has now transformed into a dynamic and complex ecosystem with restored floodplain wetlands, grasslands and forest communities harbouring organisms of various trophic structures which interact with each other. The established functional ecosystems are now homes to many plants, insects, birds, reptiles and mammalian species. Some of the species, such as Hog deer (Axis porcinus) and Siebold water snake (Ferania seiboldii), have been rediscovered after several decades, while the establishment of heronry dominated by Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) and the arrival of many migratory birds during winter, along with Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) and Wild pigs (Sus scrofa cristatus), are now residents of the park and have marked the testimony for the successful restoration of the floodplain with its characteristic natural ecosystems. Yamuna Biodiversity Park is ready to be replicated elsewhere for the restoration of floodplains, which will help riverine ecosystems to become functional ecosystems in a span of 7–10 years and support the rejuvenation of the river.