Millions of hectares of productive land are being degraded and deforested every year globally. Mined-out degradation is the key area of concern that threatens global ecosystems and climate resilience. Ecological restoration of mined-out areas not only boosts our commitment to the UN Decade on Ecological Restoration 2020–2030 but also opens avenues for many opportunities and challenges. Restoring degraded land can lead to the recovery of ecosystems and strengthen ecological services, including carbon sequestration, food security, livelihood options, water filtration, and habitat provision for diverse biota. Ecological degradation can be instrumental in lowering natural calamities and disasters such as landslides, floods, extreme weather, and droughts. At the same time, restoring land on a large scale is a herculean task as it requires significant resources and coordination among different stakeholders, such as policymakers, experts, funding agencies, and local communities. This chapter describes the status of the mined-out area and its restoration in India, particularly in the mineral-rich state of Odisha.