Fat metabolism (Fig. 1), also known as lipid metabolism, is a crucial biological process that involves the breakdown, synthesis, and distribution of fats in the body. It plays a significant role in energy storage and production, cell membrane structure, and the synthesis of important biomolecules. The process begins with lipolysis, wherein triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and free fatty acids (FFAs) by enzymes called lipases. These FFAs can then enter the mitochondria, where they undergo beta-oxidation, converting them into acetyl-CoA molecules. Acetyl-CoA enters the citric acid cycle, leading to the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the cell’s energy currency. Additionally, fat metabolism is closely regulated by hormones such as insulin and glucagon, which respond to the body’s energy needs, ensuring a balance between fat storage and utilization.