Characteristics of Servants in the Qing Dynasty and the Development of Servant Policies
摘要
Generally speaking, after a comprehensive account of the situation of servants in the Qing Dynasty, it becomes evident that there were numerous types of servants during this era, and their identities differed. This was demonstrated in aspects such as whether they could be bought and sold, the identity status of their wives, children, and families, the opportunities for redemption, opening independent household registers, or being released, as well as their status and rights after leaving their masters.