Superconducting qubits have rapidly advanced as the leading platform for quantum computing, yet they continue to face critical challenges related to decoherence, noise sensitivity, scalability, and fabrication uniformity. These issues limit their reliability and hinder the development of large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum processors. Addressing these challenges requires a clear understanding of the underlying physics, qubit architectures, control strategies, materials constraints, and noise mitigation techniques. This chapter presents a comprehensive examination of superconducting qubits, beginning with the fundamental principles of superconductivity and the Josephson effect that enable their operation. It systematically reviews major qubit types-charge, flux, phase, and transmon, highlighting their working mechanisms, strengths, and limitations. Detailed discussions on qubit design, fabrication processes, microwave-based control, dispersive readout, and noise mitigation techniques are provided to clarify how current research is overcoming performance bottlenecks. The chapter further explores emerging processor architectures, scalability strategies adopted by leading quantum computing companies, and recent advancements in coherence enhancement and error correction. Finally, it outlines open challenges and future research directions, offering a consolidated perspective on the path toward practical, scalable quantum computing based on superconducting qubits.