High-rise structures are particularly vulnerable to seismic events, often experiencing structural deformation, resonance amplification, and damage to non-structural elements during earthquakes. The balance between a structure’s flexibility and stiffness plays a crucial role in its seismic response. According to Indian seismic design standards, incorporating shear walls is critical for maintaining the stiffness and overall stability of high-rise structures. Furthermore, the Indian code stresses the strong column–weak beam concept, underlining the necessity for durable columns in high-rise structural frameworks. This study aims to identify the optimal ratio of shear wall area to floor area (Asw/Af) and column area to floor area (Ac/Af) in reinforced concrete (RC) high-rise structures. Through response spectrum analysis in compliance with IS 1893:2016, different combinations of Asw/Af and Ac/Af ratios are evaluated for structures with five, ten, and fifteen stories. The results are presented in terms of story drift and base shear. The outcomes provide practical insights for architects, engineers, and decision-makers, helping them optimize the allocation of shear walls and column areas relative to floor space. Ultimately, this research supports the enhancement of seismic performance in tall structures, ensuring their safety and functionality under earthquake loading scenarios.