Concrete cracking compromises structural integrity and durability in construction. This review examines recent advancements in the technology of self-healing concrete, with an emphasis on three main healing mechanisms: autogenous healing, capsule-based healing, and bacteria-based healing. We analyze healing effectiveness, assessment methods, and real-world applications based on a comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles from 2010 to 2024. Results indicate that self-healing techniques can address cracks ranging from microcracks to 0.97 mm wide, with bacteria-based methods showing particular promise for sustainability. Assessment methods have evolved to include advanced nondestructive techniques and standardized protocols. Major challenges include scaling up production and ensuring long-term effectiveness in diverse environments. In laboratory experiments, significant advancements have been achieved, but further research is essential to refine self-healing concrete for practical, large-scale use. Specifically, there is a need to improve its effectiveness for repairing larger cracks and to develop sustainable, cost-efficient solutions.