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Fluoride contamination of potable water has become a global concern. Fluoride poisoning can escalate musculoskeletal and dental disorders; therefore, monitoring of fluoride in drinking water is of utmost importance for healthcare applications. This article reports the application of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) to form a colorimetric complex with fluoride (F−), which is used for colorimetric sensing and quantification of F− present in water. The formation of this complex was corroborated by a UV–vis spectroscopy with a prominent peak at a wavelength (λmax) of 455 nm. Akin to UV–vis absorbance, the electrical resistance of the colorimetric complex was measured using a developed prototype consisting of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a light-emitting diode (LED). The prototype was integrated with a digital multimeter. The resistances of the spiked samples of the fluoride complex were measured to prepare a calibration plot. The calibration plot exhibited good linearity with an R2 value of 0.978. The prototype detected F− concentration below the recommended threshold value of 1.5 mgL−1. The response of the prototype was validated against the UV–vis spectrophotometer, and an absolute average percentage error of 6.23% was reported. This reasonable performance prototype proves its worthiness to be translated into a Point of Care Testing (POCT) device for on-site sensing and quantification of F− to ensure safe drinking water quality.

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A Colorimetric and Photoresistive Sensor for Quantification of Fluoride in Water

  • 会议论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Shrikant Kashyap,
  • Purushotam Shivshakti Mahan,
  • Tapas K. Mandal

摘要

Fluoride contamination of potable water has become a global concern. Fluoride poisoning can escalate musculoskeletal and dental disorders; therefore, monitoring of fluoride in drinking water is of utmost importance for healthcare applications. This article reports the application of ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) to form a colorimetric complex with fluoride (F−), which is used for colorimetric sensing and quantification of F− present in water. The formation of this complex was corroborated by a UV–vis spectroscopy with a prominent peak at a wavelength (λmax) of 455 nm. Akin to UV–vis absorbance, the electrical resistance of the colorimetric complex was measured using a developed prototype consisting of a light-dependent resistor (LDR) and a light-emitting diode (LED). The prototype was integrated with a digital multimeter. The resistances of the spiked samples of the fluoride complex were measured to prepare a calibration plot. The calibration plot exhibited good linearity with an R2 value of 0.978. The prototype detected F− concentration below the recommended threshold value of 1.5 mgL−1. The response of the prototype was validated against the UV–vis spectrophotometer, and an absolute average percentage error of 6.23% was reported. This reasonable performance prototype proves its worthiness to be translated into a Point of Care Testing (POCT) device for on-site sensing and quantification of F− to ensure safe drinking water quality.