Technological development has attempted to help improve the lives of persons with disabilities. This chapter will firstly attempt to analyze how Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled tools and gadgets are helping persons with different kinds of disabilities. Nowadays, people with different types of disabilities have different platforms offering them AI-based tools and applications tailored to suit their specific needs. In this context, various AI tools and gadgets suited to help persons with physical or neurological or psychiatric disabilities will be deliberated upon. Next, the chapter will explore how AI helps in realizing the various rights of persons with disabilities as enumerated under different laws on disability like the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, etc. AI has helped in realizing key fundamental rights of persons with disabilities—from the right to live with dignity to the right of non-discrimination to the freedom of movement. However, use of AI tools has sometimes posed a challenge for these people too—like the over-reliance on AI-based diagnostic tests to determine whether one is eligible for housing, or for some benefit under a disability scheme, or the use of discriminatory AI-based tests for job recruitment. In such a context, this chapter will delve into the negative impact of AI on persons with disabilities. Finally, the chapter will look into how, with more and more advancement in AI, the same can be used for the betterment of persons with disabilities.

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Artificial Intelligence and the Rights of Persons with Disabilities in India: Opportunities, Challenges and the Future

  • Pallabi Sengupta

摘要

Technological development has attempted to help improve the lives of persons with disabilities. This chapter will firstly attempt to analyze how Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled tools and gadgets are helping persons with different kinds of disabilities. Nowadays, people with different types of disabilities have different platforms offering them AI-based tools and applications tailored to suit their specific needs. In this context, various AI tools and gadgets suited to help persons with physical or neurological or psychiatric disabilities will be deliberated upon. Next, the chapter will explore how AI helps in realizing the various rights of persons with disabilities as enumerated under different laws on disability like the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016, etc. AI has helped in realizing key fundamental rights of persons with disabilities—from the right to live with dignity to the right of non-discrimination to the freedom of movement. However, use of AI tools has sometimes posed a challenge for these people too—like the over-reliance on AI-based diagnostic tests to determine whether one is eligible for housing, or for some benefit under a disability scheme, or the use of discriminatory AI-based tests for job recruitment. In such a context, this chapter will delve into the negative impact of AI on persons with disabilities. Finally, the chapter will look into how, with more and more advancement in AI, the same can be used for the betterment of persons with disabilities.