In light of the liver’s vital roles, hepatic disorders—from fatty liver illnesses to cirrhosis—pose a severe threat to world health. Bioactive functional foods show the potential to resolve these issues. Their efficacy depends on the chemicals’ bioavailability, which makes a thorough grasp of their therapeutic potential imperative. One food-bioactive ingredient that has been shown to successfully reduce the symptoms of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is polyphenol. Research shows that a prolonged sedentary lifestyle combined with little physical exercise is an apparent cause of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the case of NAFLD patients, increased physical activity reduces hepatic cell damage indicators and intrahepatic triglyceride concentration levels. The risk of NAFLD is significantly enhanced by obesity and increasing weight. Due to the significant dietary changes brought about by advancements in worldwide farming and food trading systems, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming a global health concern due to its high morbidity rates and increased risk of issues associated with lipid metabolism. The accessibility of effective, secure, and varied therapeutic agents is essential for the therapy and early detection of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic liver disease. It requires rapid development. This chapter is focused on microencapsulated polyphenols, favored over isolated polyphenols for various characterizations in applications involving functional foods. Furthermore, the encapsulating method aiming for colon-targeted mucoadhesive transport of polyphenols is envisaged as an expectation for the potential advancement of functional food, given the position of dysbacteriosis as an activator of bacterial translocation.