Copper-based nanomaterials (Cu-based NMs) have led to considerable advancements in improving crop production and sustainability in agriculture. Cu nanoparticles (CuNPs) and Cu oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs), i.e., Cu-based NMs, have unique physicochemical properties for enhancing nutrient management systems, i.e., nutrient delivery and uptake, and they make Cu-based NMs promising applications tools for use in the agriculture sector. Cu-based NMs facilitate nutrient delivery and uptake in plants and improve crop growth and yield in the agriculture sector. Cu-based NMs are highlighted in today’s scenario due to their ability to increase the nutrient solubility, nutrient bioavailability, and stability of agricultural crops. Cu-based NMs release essential nutrients, including micronutrients and macronutrients, for plants and soils, thus reducing nutrient deficiencies in plants and soils. These Cu-based NMs diminish nutrient discharge, decrease environmental pollution, and contribute to agricultural sector sustainability.