Nowadays, the global demand for food has significantly increased due to the rapid growth of the population. Furthermore, crop losses caused by diseases and pests have been exacerbated by the effects of climate change. The use of conventional agrochemicals and inappropriate transportation methods has also resulted in severe pollution of soil and aquatic environments, causing substantial environmental damage. Nanotechnology is an emerging field with significant potential for advancing agricultural development and environmental remediation. The application of nanotechnology, particularly metal-based nanomaterials, in agriculture is fundamental for improving agricultural productivity and addressing environmental challenges. Among various metal-based nanomaterials, copper-based nanoparticles hold particular importance in agriculture. These nanoparticles are anticipated to provide a viable alternative for enhancing agricultural yields and controlling plant diseases. The challenges of improving the quantity and quality of agricultural products, along with addressing environmental issues, can be tackled by enhancing plant nutrition and resistance through the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in crop management. The aim of this chapter is to explore the diverse applications of copper-based nanomaterials in agriculture, focusing on their properties, synthesis methods, environmental impact, and safety. Finally, this chapter highlights contemporary challenges associated with the use of copper-based nanomaterials and offers perspectives on future research directions.