Industrial Solid Waste to Circular Economy
摘要
The management of industrial solid waste (ISW) presents a dual challenge, reducing environmental degradation while exploiting resources in a sustainable manner. Traditional linear ISW management processes, including landfilling and incineration, are environmentally destructive due to greenhouse gas emissions, land occupation, and the loss of valuable materials. Therefore, a shift towards circular economy is required. In this study, an integrated framework for converting ISW into high-value secondary products was developed. By employing different case-based industrial symbiosis models to identify the best waste valorization strategies such as closed-loop recycling, waste-to-energy conversion, and by-product industrial reuse. This approach is further substantiated by sectoral case studies that demonstrate savings of up to 65% raw materials and 48% in lifetime carbon emissions. The results indicate that the standardized implementation of CE marking not only reduces environmental impact, but also enhances industrial competitiveness, resource security and regulatory compliance. It presents a useful reference for policy makers, industry stakeholders and researchers on connecting industrial waste management to SDGs.