Human actions result in the production of waste products, which are frequently discarded due to their perceived lack of value. Still, with the right kind of management, a lot of these recyclables can become something useful, like raw materials for new products or fuel for power plants. One of the biggest issues we have now is waste management. Finding solutions to the ever-increasing trash problem is a top priority for businesses, individuals, and state legislators. To determine the ecological effects of recycling trash into useful chemicals, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of municipal solid waste (MSW) to chemicals is an essential instrument. From garbage collection and transportation to grading and conversion technologies, chemical manufacturing, and finally, disposal, the full process of life cycle is examined in detail. Thermochemical procedures like gasification and pyrolysis and biochemical techniques like anaerobic digestion and fermentation are essential steps. Energy consumption, resource depletion, air and water pollution, toxicity, and the potential for global warming are some of the environmental impact areas that are evaluated in the LCA. In order to understand the pros and cons of MSW-to-chemicals operations, LCA takes a look at these aspects. Based on the conversion method, making chemicals from trash can either require a lot of energy or result in a lot of emissions, but it can also recover important resources and decrease landfill use. Process optimization and improved decision-making are made possible by the LCA’s identification of environmental hotspots. Promoting sustainable waste management practices and improving the circular economy through the conversion of garbage into renewable chemicals is crucial for minimizing environmental impact and dependency on fossil fuels. The full potential of MSW for contributing to chemical production while reducing environmental consequences can be achieved through LCA, opening the door to more efficient and environmentally friendly waste-to-chemicals technologies.