Agricultural solid waste (ASW) is a byproduct of global food production, representing both an environmental challenge and a significant opportunity for renewable energy generation. This chapter examines the potential of ASW as a sustainable feedstock for biofuel production, including bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas. It reviews existing conversion technologies, evaluates environmental benefits, and socio-economic benefits, and outlines conventional value-added applications. Key barriers such as technological constraints, economic viability, inconsistent feedstock supply, and inadequate infrastructure are discussed. The chapter underscores the need for policy support, advanced bioconversion techniques, integrated biorefineries, and circular economy approaches to overcome these challenges. By fostering strategic investments and collaborative efforts, ASW can be transformed from an environmental burden into a cornerstone of sustainable energy and agricultural waste management.