Rose-scented geranium, Pelargonium graveolens L’Hérit. ex Aiton: syn. P. roseum Willd (Geraniaceae), is a perennial aromatic and medicinal plant native to the southern part of Africa. It is commercially cultivated in several African countries for the production of its essential oil which is used extensively in the industries of cosmetics and perfumes as an alternative to rose oil. In the mid-1800s, as Rosa damascena (a species from the rose family) became scarce and its essential oil became expensive, attention shifted toward P. graveolens as an alternative. The essential oil, commercially obtained by steam distillation from the leaves and stems of the plant, is used in high-quality perfumes having a floral rosy scent. Solvent extraction and supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide have been investigated as alternative methods for extraction of essential oil. Analysis of the essential oil by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry is performed for qualitative and quantitative determination of its constituents. The major compounds are citronellol, geraniol, linalool, iso-menthone, citronellyl formate, and geranyl formate. High geraniol content imparts a rosy smell to the essential oil. The remarkable bioactive profile of geranium essential oil presents a multifaceted opportunity for industrial innovation across various critical sectors.