Scalable graphene production is critical for advancing industrial and research applications. A widely adopted approach involves oxidizing graphite to create graphite oxide (GO) through reactions with strong acidic solutions and oxidizing agents, followed by thermal exfoliation and rapid heating to yield reduced graphene oxide (rGO). This chapter comprehensively reviews GO fabrication techniques, emphasizing their advantages, drawbacks, and critical criteria for selecting appropriate methods. The selection of a synthesis method hinges on application-specific needs, including target GO properties, production scale, cost constraints, safety, and environmental considerations. The manufacturing approach critically shapes GO’s structural and functional properties, emphasizing its pivotal role in facilitating versatile applications within both scientific research and industrial sectors.