The expansion of industries, different agricultural practices, development of cities, and expansion of industries have contributed to the uncontrolled expulsion of hazardous chemicals into the environment. To overcome this problem, two-dimensional materials (2D) like graphene, MXenes, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) show significant potential for use in environmental remediation. The physico-chemical characteristics and ease of functionalization enable them to effectively adsorb and degrade pollutants via electrostatic attraction, π–π stacking, and catalytic reactions. 2D materials offer a promising solution to environmental problems due to their unique properties, flexibility, and ability to be integrated with different technologies, which makes them valuable assets in developing innovative and sustainable remediation measures. This chapter discusses the importance of 2D materials in different applications, such as adsorption processes, catalytic reactions, photocatalysis, and sensing technologies, especially for water and air cleaning.