Emerging contaminants (ECs) are toxic ingredients that have been newly discovered in the atmosphere. They have negative effects on human health and the environment even at insignificant levels. These harmful substances are consumed daily in modern civilization. These pollutants are mainly reported in wastewater and arrive at different water reservoirs and pollute them. Water pollution has been a universal crisis for the past few years. These compounds mostly occur from pharmaceuticals, personal care products (PCPs), pesticides, and synthetic dye manufacturing. The intensity of these chemicals is increasing because established wastewater treatment methods are not effective in recognizing and removing them. As their intensity has risen in the environment and proved to be detrimental to both the environment and human health, they have captured the attention of researchers and scientists in recent times. Consequently, there is a need for enhanced equipment to mitigate or reduce these pollutants. This chapter outlines conclusions that focus on how ECs are generated, where they come from, the negative effects they have on humans and on the environment, and methods for their identification.