Construction of the structure on weak and soft soils presents numerous challenges to civil engineers, requiring the adoption of suitable ground improvement techniques. One such technique that has gained wide acceptance is stone column construction, which offers cost-effectiveness, and environmental compatibility. The use of stone columns leads to an increase in consolidation of soft soils, thereby enhancing load-carrying capacity and reducing settlement. Recent studies have focused on the application of stone columns as foundation systems for earth embankments. This paper examines the construction features, failure mechanism, infill and encasement materials, numerical modeling, design philosophy, and factors influencing the stone column as an embankment support system. The performance of stone columns, both individually and in groups, with and without encasement under different loading conditions in various soil deposits, is discussed. These studies primarily emphasize optimization, effectiveness, and long-term stability. Furthermore, the paper highlights research activities aimed at enhancing the design and construction methods of stone columns to establish them as reliable and sustainable solutions use of recycled material for infrastructure projects in recent times.