This study examines the October 2022 floods and landslides triggered by unseasonal prolonged rainfall in the Karnali Province of Nepal. Over five consecutive days, the heavy rainfall caused significant devastation, leading to 35 deaths, 40 injuries, and 16 missing persons. Damage to private housing included 4284 completely destroyed and 3915 partially damaged structures. Additionally, schools, health posts, government buildings, roads, and various utility structures sustained damage. The total recovery cost is estimated at NPR 6.42 billion. The findings highlight the role of unpredictable climatic conditions, coupled with the region’s topography and geology as primary contributors to the disaster. Furthermore, human-induced factors, such as unplanned settlement patterns, non-engineered development practices, and improper farming methods, further exacerbated the impacts.