Three-Dimensional Acoustic Focusing and Asymmetric Focusing by Phase-Controlled Metamaterials
摘要
Recent advances in phase-controlled metamaterials have enabled the realization of high-performance acoustic focusing (AF) and acoustic asymmetric focusing (AAF) effects, with significant applications in medical ultrasound, nondestructive testing, and acoustic communication. This chapter presents four innovative two-dimensional (2D) acoustic lenses that achieve complex three-dimensional (3D) wavefront manipulation. First, subwavelength-thick (λ/10) reflected AF lenses demonstrate various 3D focusing capabilities, including point, cross-line, and long-focus configurations. Second, a reflected long-focus acoustic lens with vortex focusing achieves broadband operation (fractional bandwidth 0.28) with 9.2λ focal depth while maintaining vortex characteristics. Third, a 2D AAF lens utilizing 44 mode-conversion meta-atoms produces 3D asymmetric focusing with 0.14 fractional bandwidth and adjustable focal lengths. Finally, a broadband 2D acoustic lens with asymmetric vortex focusing exhibits topological charge-dependent performance (n = 1, 2, and 3) with 0.19 fractional bandwidth through precise phase control. These systems overcome traditional limitations of 1D-to-2D implementations by establishing complete 2D-to-3D transformation frameworks, enabling unprecedented control over sound wavefronts in 3D space. The designs demonstrate exceptional versatility for applications requiring precise acoustic energy manipulation, including non-contact particle trapping, high-precision medical therapy, and advanced ultrasound imaging, marking significant progress in metamaterial-based acoustic devices.