This study investigates how optical sensors may be integrated into aviation systems to provide accurate temperature as well as pressure readings. With a descriptive design and secondary data gathering, the study applies a logical technique and interpretivism philosophy. The main objective of this paper is to design a temperature and pressure optical sensor for measuring the real temperature and pressure of an aircraft, spacecraft, satellite, etc. To investigate cutting-edge optical technologies that could potentially be used in aeronautical applications to sense pressure and temperature. To create and refine a small, durable optical sensor prototype that can resist the demanding flying environment. To incorporate cutting-edge data processing algorithms for analyzing and understanding pressure and temperature data that the optical sensor has collected in real time. To verify the proposed optical sensor’s accuracy and performance by extensive lab testing and flight simulations, comparing the outcomes with those of proven sensor technologies. Method: To design the optical sensor, I have used Opti system software to determine the temperature and pressure of the aircraft. Standardized communication protocols were implemented to provide compatibility with current aircraft data collection systems size reduction, sophisticated materials, practical testing, AI integration, and growing sensor applications could constitute the main areas for future research. Novelty: The novelty of this paper is we are trying to use FBG optical sensors for sensing temperature, pressure, and structural health monitoring of aircraft. In this I have done first—Performance Comparison with Conventional Sensors and optical sensors, Second—Environmental Testing and Validation, Third—Integration Strategies and Technical Considerations, fourth—Long-Term Reliability and Stability Analysis, fifth—Critical Evaluation and Recommendations, etc.