Ballast is a layer of coarse granular material provided in conventional ballasted railway tracks to provide support to the sleepers and distribute the transferred train loads to a broader area. In the Indian rail scenario, crushed stone, gravel, recycled concrete, etc. are the most commonly used ballast materials. To improve interlocking and stability, these materials are often angular and uneven in form, having a particle size ranging between 20 and 60 mm as per RDSO guidelines. Recently, there have been concerns over the environmental impacts associated with the continuous extraction, transportation, and mineral processing stages associated with this ballast material used in railway tracks. As a result, there has been a growing interest in quantifying the environmental impact caused by the production and maintenance of this material in track structures. In this study, a life-cycle assessment of a fixed quantity of ballast that is required to construct a 1-km-length prototype railway has been carried out, and the corresponding effect on the environment in terms of ozone layer depletion, terrestrial ecotoxicity, global warming, aquatic acidification, respiratory organics, global warming potential, etc. is evaluated. Quarrying, truck loading and transportation, crushing and screening, and site transportation are the processes that have been considered in the study for the assessment of the material. Finally, based on the outputs of the analysis performed, various measures are suggested that can reduce the environmental impact caused during track construction.