In 2018, the Kilauea volcano in Hawaii, USA, erupted from new fissures formed in and around a housing subdivision development. During this eruption, twenty-four (24) new fissures became active and began emitting lava from an area where fissures previously did not exist. In August of the same year, the eruption stopped, but not without inflicting substantial damage to some of the residential structures in the area. During our investigation of more than fifty (50) residences after the eruption, we found that ground fissuring had caused damage to many homes, similar in damage profile to what might be expected from a seismic event or from differential foundation movement. Furthermore, exposure to volcanic gases caused damage to certain architectural and structural building elements and home contents in some residences. To differentiate between damage from volcanic gases and damage from other causes, an x-ray fluorescence (XRF) testing method was implemented. This paper outlines the testing method and the findings from our investigations in the area after the eruption. We also discuss how this method can be applied to other areas of the world with volcanic hazards.