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A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between anthropogenic factors and evapotranspiration (ET) in the Indian states of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh for the period 2001–2010. The study utilized annual ET data from the calibrated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD 16 8-Days ET Product, as well as various statistics related to agricultural management factors such as net sown area (NSA), gross cultivated area (GCA), agriculture sown area more than once (ASMO), net irrigated area (NIA), gross irrigated area (GIA), and groundwater level data. To identify the coupling between ET and the selected parameters, Mann–Kendall trend test statistics and correlation analysis at the district level were performed. The results showed a significant coupling and strong correlation between ET and the selected anthropogenic factors. This coupling factor covered approximately 46% of Bihar’s area and 50% of Madhya Pradesh’s area, with correlation coefficients reaching up to 0.9 for both states. Thus, this part of the analysis showed very explicitly that ET was very well-coupled with anthropogenic factors, which is a good indication in terms of agricultural production and at the same time shows an alarming situation for the exploitation of irrigation resources in the respective states.

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Regional-Level Association of Anthropogenic Forcing Factors and Evapotranspiration Dynamics Over the Indian Agro-Ecosystem

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Shweta,
  • Bimal K. Bhattacharya,
  • Akhouri Pramod Krishna

摘要

A study was conducted to analyze the relationship between anthropogenic factors and evapotranspiration (ET) in the Indian states of Bihar and Madhya Pradesh for the period 2001–2010. The study utilized annual ET data from the calibrated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) MOD 16 8-Days ET Product, as well as various statistics related to agricultural management factors such as net sown area (NSA), gross cultivated area (GCA), agriculture sown area more than once (ASMO), net irrigated area (NIA), gross irrigated area (GIA), and groundwater level data. To identify the coupling between ET and the selected parameters, Mann–Kendall trend test statistics and correlation analysis at the district level were performed. The results showed a significant coupling and strong correlation between ET and the selected anthropogenic factors. This coupling factor covered approximately 46% of Bihar’s area and 50% of Madhya Pradesh’s area, with correlation coefficients reaching up to 0.9 for both states. Thus, this part of the analysis showed very explicitly that ET was very well-coupled with anthropogenic factors, which is a good indication in terms of agricultural production and at the same time shows an alarming situation for the exploitation of irrigation resources in the respective states.