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This study presents the first detailed surge dynamics of Klutlan and Fisher glaciers situated in the North America. Surface displacement estimation using optical imageries and surface elevation changes derived from ASTER DEMs were used to understand the surge dynamics. Klutlan Glacier had six years long active phase (2013–2019). The surge of Klutlan Glacier showed two surface flow maxima (6.2 ± 0.2 m d−1 and ~ 5 ± 0.2 m d−1), in summer of 2016 and 2018, respectively. During 2019–2020, in reservoir zone, maximum surface lowering of − 65 ± 33 m was observed whereas, in receiving zone, maximum ice thickness increased by + 31 ± 40 m. The dynamic balance line (DBL) on Klutlan Glacier moved ~ 16 km down-glacier during 2019 (788 masl.) in comparison with 2004 (1998 masl.). The Fisher Glacier exhibits six years (2007–2013) long pre-surge acceleration, three years (2013–2016) long active phase and surge terminated gradually. The peak surge displacement ~ 7 ± 0.4 m d−1 was observed in summer of 2015. Reservoir zone experienced a maximum lowering of − 60 ± 22 m from 2019 to 2003 while lower receiving zone maximum thickened by + 80 ± 22 m. The DBL shifted ~ 3 km down-glacier during 2019 (959 masl.) as compared to 2016 (1006 masl.).

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Satellite Data-Based Study of Surge Characterization of Klutlan and Fisher Glaciers, St. Elias Mountains, North America

  • 章节

  • 发表日期：

    2025年

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  • Arjun Pratap Shahi,
  • Praveen Kumar Rai,
  • Shalini Rai

摘要

This study presents the first detailed surge dynamics of Klutlan and Fisher glaciers situated in the North America. Surface displacement estimation using optical imageries and surface elevation changes derived from ASTER DEMs were used to understand the surge dynamics. Klutlan Glacier had six years long active phase (2013–2019). The surge of Klutlan Glacier showed two surface flow maxima (6.2 ± 0.2 m d−1 and ~ 5 ± 0.2 m d−1), in summer of 2016 and 2018, respectively. During 2019–2020, in reservoir zone, maximum surface lowering of − 65 ± 33 m was observed whereas, in receiving zone, maximum ice thickness increased by + 31 ± 40 m. The dynamic balance line (DBL) on Klutlan Glacier moved ~ 16 km down-glacier during 2019 (788 masl.) in comparison with 2004 (1998 masl.). The Fisher Glacier exhibits six years (2007–2013) long pre-surge acceleration, three years (2013–2016) long active phase and surge terminated gradually. The peak surge displacement ~ 7 ± 0.4 m d−1 was observed in summer of 2015. Reservoir zone experienced a maximum lowering of − 60 ± 22 m from 2019 to 2003 while lower receiving zone maximum thickened by + 80 ± 22 m. The DBL shifted ~ 3 km down-glacier during 2019 (959 masl.) as compared to 2016 (1006 masl.).