Fruits and vegetables are vital for human health, providing essential vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, and protective phytochemicals. However, these perishable commodities are highly susceptible to significant postharvest challenges, including physiological deterioration (water loss, respiration), mechanical damage, microbial spoilage, and ethylene-induced senescence, leading to substantial quality degradation and economic losses. This chapter offers a comprehensive examination of effective strategies for minimizing these losses. It details foundational postharvest management practices such as appropriate harvesting methods, maturity indexing, and timely precooling. Crucially, it explores the strategic selection and application of packaging materials and techniques to provide physical protection, modify the internal atmosphere, and extend shelf life. Diverse storage options, ranging from ambient to controlled atmosphere, are discussed, enabling tailored preservation. Furthermore, the chapter delves into emerging technologies, including nanotechnological applications and intelligent packaging incorporating biosensors, which promise enhanced monitoring and preservation. Ultimately, a holistic approach integrating optimal handling practices, appropriate packaging, optimized storage, and innovative technologies is essential to ensure the delivery of fresh, high-quality, and safe fruits and vegetables, safeguarding their nutritional value and the economic sustainability of the supply chain.