I critically engage in this chapter with the ancient restraints in war prevalent in the non-European world, with special focus on India. Initially, I explain the ancient Indian historical context and Varna system, which shaped the sources of ancient traditions in war. I offer a caste critique of various rules relating to war to explain the position of Shudras and tribes in war. Subsequently, I discuss the comprehensive restraints in war prescribed by the ancient Indian scriptures. I also strive to underscore simultaneously the instances when the practices differed from the principles. Thereafter, the chapter also analyses the position of Buddhism, Jainism and Islam in respect of war and rules in war. It specifies some of the rules from the Islamic texts and examples of departure from the same during war.