Layered double hydroxides (LDHs)-based electrocatalyst have taken very much interest in current research and challenge in energy conversion towards water splitting process. The layered structure, multiple compositions, unique electronic structure, and exchangeable anion properties make LDH-based materials attractive for exploration as efficient catalyst towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting (OWS). Electrocatalytic water splitting plays a major role for the development of sustainable and eco-friendly energy conversion to green fuel generation that eventually addresses the world’s fossil fuel demand. Nevertheless, various limitations, including, low thermal stability, small surface area, less intrinsic activity and lower conductivity of LDHs, obstruct their electrocatalytic application. Therefore, LDH derived materials are being worked as the high-efficient electrocatalysts for water reduction and oxidation. In this book chapter, we have focused the current advancements in the LDH derived products such as bimetal oxide, oxyhydroxide, phosphide, sulphides, selenides and nitrides as significant electrocatalyst and also discussed the basic principle of electrochemical water splitting. In addition, the synthetic methodology, physico-chemical characterization and electrocatalytic water decomposition activities of LDH derived nanomaterials with future research direction and prospective are summarized.