Nitro-containing compounds are considered toxic due to the reactivity of nitro functional groups, capable of triggering numerous undesired reactions. Consequently, these compounds pose a significant threat to the environment and the health of living organisms. Specifically, nitroarenes are byproducts of many industrial processes and are classified as significant water pollutants. Conventional methods for reducing their harmful effects, such as catalytic reduction into less toxic forms like amines, are explored, with a focus on the advantages of these approaches in terms of energy efficiency and reduced solvent use. Recent studies investigating the catalytic abilities of metal nanoparticles, their limitations, and the emergence of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as a promising alternative due to their customizable structures, stable surfaces, and well-dispersed active sites are highlighted. Here, we outline several MOFs and their utility as catalysts for nitroarenes, showcasing their effectiveness and reusability in aqueous environments. This chapter covers a comprehensive range of topics, from MOF framework designs for catalytic activity to discussions on kinetic parameters, catalytic mechanisms, and the use of MOF-composites to enhance catalytic performance.