Biomedical nanocomposites, an emerging class of ingenious materials, encompass interdisciplinary fields including chemistry, biology, physics, material research, and manufacturing and have brought about a new era in pharmaceutical sciences and the healthcare industry. They are versatile for several biomedical applications, including antimicrobial agents, drug carriers, tissue regeneration, wound care, dentistry, bioimaging, bone filler, cancer treatment, and diagnostics, owing to their unique features, which include high surface area, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high mechanical strength. Besides being biodegradable, bionanocomposites improve the effectiveness of the medications they contain by enabling better bioavailability, controlled release, and targeted drug delivery. As a result, it reduces the amount of medication needed, further minimizing the environmental footprint. The extensively utilized bionanocomposites and their processing methods in medical applications are thoroughly examined in this chapter. Chitosan nanocomposites, silica nanoparticles in hydrogels, graphene oxide-based composites, collagen nanocomposites, polymer nanocomposites with hydroxyapatite, starch nanocomposites, liposomes with nanoparticles, and other recently researched bionanocomposites are introduced and briefly explained in this chapter. Their significant functions are highlighted for their versatility and potential for advancement in biomedical technologies.