Quality irrigation water is crucial for sustainable crop production. The use of low-quality water for irrigation poses significant environmental constraints that can hinder crop productivity and affect broader ecosystem health. Effective management practices and strategic interventions are essential to mitigate these impacts and ensure sustainable agricultural productivity. This book chapter emphasizes on sources and types, problems associated with poor quality irrigation water, heavy metal toxicity in crops and microbial contamination, their pathogenic effect on crops and also addressed direct and indirect impacts on crop yield, quality and soil health. Additionally, implementing good agricultural practice, use of pre-treated poor-quality water for irrigation and enforcing regulatory standards for irrigation water quality can significantly reduce contamination risks. This chapter underscores the necessity of ensuring high-quality irrigation water to maintain agricultural productivity, safeguard food safety, and promote sustainable farming practices.