Emerging contaminants, have become significant concerns for water quality management. The increasing detection of emerging contaminants (ECs) in surface water and groundwater raising substantial concerns about water quality, pose challenges to conventional water treatment processes and can lead to adverse ecological and health effects. These contaminants, which often escape regulation and conventional water treatment processes, persists in the ecosystems, resulting in potentially long-term impacts and their potential for bioaccumulation necessitate a comprehensive understanding of their behavior and impacts. Disruptions to aquatic ecosystems, poor quality produce due to contaminated irrigation water, proliferation of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, threat to drinking water sources and health risks are common problems poses by emerging contaminants. Addressing these challenges requires improved monitoring techniques, advanced water treatments and integrated management strategies to mitigate the impact of emerging contaminants on water resources for achieving SDGs. This chapter explains sources, behavior, fate and impacts of ECs in agro-ecosystems, public education, and stricter regulations are also crucial to protect water quality from these pervasive contaminants.