Artificial intelligence (AI) transforms infectious disease management by enhancing diagnostics, outbreak prediction, drug discovery, and treatment strategies. AI-driven models, including deep learning and convolutional neural networks (CNNs), have significantly improved the early detection of diseases such as COVID-19, tuberculosis, malaria, and hepatitis through medical imaging and genomic analysis. AI-powered surveillance tools like BlueDot and HealthMap enable real-time outbreak monitoring and predictive modeling, facilitating rapid public health responses. In drug discovery, AI accelerates the identification of novel antimicrobials and vaccine candidates through structural biology tools like AlphaFold. AI also optimizes healthcare resource allocation during pandemics, guiding policy decisions. However, challenges such as data privacy concerns, biases, and disparities in AI accessibility persist. This chapter explores AI’s applications in infectious disease management, highlighting achievements, challenges, and future directions to ensure equitable and efficient healthcare solutions.