The demand for high productivity and yield in agriculture incorporates the usage of pesticides. However, uncontrolled usage and chronic exposure to these agrochemicals can impact human health, aquatic species, and biodiversity. Foodborne pathogens, on the other hand, can occur at various stages of food production and delivery and can lead to severe outbreaks. This chapter gives insight into pesticides and their application, foodborne pathogens, the impact of pesticides on human health, mostly used detection methods, followed by reported foodborne outbreaks, and lastly usage of optical probes for the detection of the pathogens.